Section 1 - Old Rocks Can Be Recycled into New Rocks
Key Ideas
- Minerals are the building blocks of rocks and can be identified by their physical properties.
- Earth's crust is made up of three families of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
- Fossils provide evidence of changes in life over time.
- Rock materials are broken into smaller pieces by mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering.
- Weathered materials are moved from one place to another by gravity, wind, water, and ice in a process called erosion.
- Rocks and weathered rock materials can be transformed into new rocks.
Rocks are all around you. You have even eaten rocks. Those tiny white grains in the saltshaker may be ground-up particles of rock salt, mined from the ground. Materials in everyday products - from glassware, toothpaste, baby powder, and pencils to buildings, automobiles and computers - come from rocks. Rocks can be used in so many different ways because the materials that make up rocks have different properties.
Some ordinary rocks you see may be very beautiful inside, like the geode above. How did such a beautiful rock form? Why are there layers and different colours? In this chapter, you will investigate what rocks are amde of and learn how to classify different types of rocks. As well, you will look for clues in rocks that tell you how they were formed. You will look at evidence that shows how rocks have changed in the past and are still changing today. If you think of rocks as solid and unchanging, you may be in for a surprise! Earth is really a huge rock recycler.
3.1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks
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3.1.2 Investigation - Identifying Minerals
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3.1.3 Families of Rocks
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3.1.4 Fossils
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3.1.5 Weathering Breaks down Rocks
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3.1.6 Erosion
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3.1.7 Design Your Own Experiment - Factors That Affect Erosion by Water
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3.1.8 The Rock Cycle
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